{
  "title": "Power grid equipment and transmission and distribution",
  "period": "Roles reviewed on 2026-10-08",
  "hierarchy": [
    "industry",
    "stage",
    "segment",
    "company or product"
  ],
  "nodes": [
    {
      "stage": "Upstream",
      "role": "Materials and components",
      "color": "#DCEAE3",
      "segments": [
        {
          "name": "Conductive and magnetic materials",
          "leaves": [
            "Copper and aluminium",
            "Grain-oriented electrical steel"
          ],
          "sources": [
            "C01",
            "C02"
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "Insulation and accessories",
          "leaves": [
            "China XD Group",
            "Insulators and bushings"
          ],
          "sources": [
            "R10"
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "Transformer cooling components",
          "leaves": [
            "Youbang Radiator",
            "Panel radiators"
          ],
          "sources": [
            "M09",
            "M10"
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "Power semiconductors",
          "leaves": [
            "Hitachi Energy",
            "Thyristors and IGBTs"
          ],
          "sources": [
            "R16"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "stage": "Midstream",
      "role": "Equipment and systems",
      "color": "#F0DFB4",
      "segments": [
        {
          "name": "Transformers",
          "leaves": [
            "Hitachi Energy",
            "Siemens Energy",
            "China XD Group"
          ],
          "sources": [
            "R01",
            "R03",
            "R10"
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "Switchgear",
          "leaves": [
            "Schneider Electric",
            "China XD Group"
          ],
          "sources": [
            "R10",
            "R12"
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "HVDC and grid compensation",
          "leaves": [
            "GE Vernova HVDC",
            "NR Electric HVDC and FACTS"
          ],
          "sources": [
            "R04",
            "R11"
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "Power cables",
          "leaves": [
            "Prysmian",
            "Power cable systems"
          ],
          "sources": [
            "R13"
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "Protection and network control",
          "leaves": [
            "NR Electric",
            "Relays and control systems"
          ],
          "sources": [
            "R11"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "stage": "Downstream",
      "role": "Delivery and connected systems",
      "color": "#DDE7ED",
      "segments": [
        {
          "name": "Network operators",
          "leaves": [
            "Transmission networks",
            "Distribution networks"
          ],
          "sources": [
            "R07",
            "R08",
            "H03",
            "H06"
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "Project delivery",
          "leaves": [
            "Engineering and EPC",
            "Testing and commissioning",
            "Maintenance services"
          ],
          "sources": [
            "R11",
            "R13"
          ]
        },
        {
          "name": "Connected projects and large users",
          "leaves": [
            "Generation projects",
            "Industrial facilities",
            "Data centres"
          ],
          "sources": [
            "R01",
            "R10",
            "R11"
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "interpretation": "Category links, not verified contracts."
}